Collaboration is a complex phenomenon, yet one that is of significance to nursing. This concept analysis presents definitions and defining characteristics of collaboration so that the concept may be used in the creation of operational
definitions,
or to
develop and evaluate tools for measuring collaboration.
Antecedents, consqences and empirical referents of collaboration are explored. Model, contrary and related cases are presented to clarify this concept further.
A significant attribute of collaboration is that two or more individuals must be involved in a joint venture, typically one of an intellectual nature. This cooperative endeavour is one in which the participants willingly participate in planning
and
decision-making.
Collaboration requires that individuals view themselves as members of a team, and contribute to a common product or goal. All Participants offer their expertise, share in the responsibility for outcomes, and are acknowledged by other members of
the
group for their contribution to the process.
The relationship between individual in collaboration is nonhierarchical. Power is shared; it is based on knowledge and expertise versus role or title.
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